Hardy garden palms, also known as cold hardy palms, are a group of palm tree species that can tolerate cooler temperatures and are suitable for cultivation in the United Kingdom and other temperate regions. While palms are typically associated with tropical climates, there are several palm species that have adapted to survive in milder and cooler environments.
In the UK, these cold hardy palms are popular choices for gardens, adding a touch of exoticism to the landscape.
When planting hardy garden palms in the UK, it’s essential to consider their specific cold tolerance, especially if you live in areas prone to frost and freezing temperatures. Providing some winter protection, especially for young palms, can help them establish and thrive in the UK climate. Additionally, well-draining soil and a sunny location are important factors for their growth and overall health.
Trachycarpus fortunei
This palm, often referred to as the Chusan Palm, is a favourite among UK gardeners due to its impressive cold-hardiness. It can endure the chillier British winters, particularly when placed in a sheltered location.
Trachycarpus fortunei features a distinctive fan-like frond structure, adding a touch of tropical charm to the British landscape. Its adaptability and resistance to frost make it a reliable choice for creating an exotic ambiance in UK gardens. The large leaves do not cope well in exposed, windy locations so try to give it a sheltered position with rich, evenly moist soil.
Chamaerops humilis
The European Fan Palm, scientifically known as Chamaerops humilis, is a native palm to parts of Europe, including the Mediterranean. This palm’s remarkable ability to thrive in cooler climates and withstand frost makes it a perfect fit for UK gardens.
Its compact growth and attractive fan-shaped fronds make it an elegant addition, providing a Mediterranean feel to your outdoor space.
Phoenix canariensis
The Canary Island Date Palm, known scientifically as Phoenix canariensis, is another captivating palm species suitable for milder regions of the UK. While it may not be as cold-hardy as some other palms, it can thrive when provided with some protection during harsh winters.
Once this palm starts trunking it acquires extra hardiness. This palm’s striking appearance, characterized by its tall trunk and arching fronds, lends a distinct subtropical vibe to UK gardens.
Trachycarpus wagnerianus
Trachycarpus wagnerianus, commonly known as the Miniature Chusan Palm or Waggie Palm, is a small and exceptionally hardy palm species similar to Trachycarpus fortunei (see above) but smaller and more suitable for exposed, windy spots.
This palm is cherished for its compact size, robust fronds, and impressive cold tolerance. Its slow growth and striking appearance make it a popular choice for gardens in temperate climates, including the UK.
Jubaea chilensis
The Chilean Wine Palm, scientifically known as Jubaea chilensis, is one of the hardiest feather palms available. It can tolerate cold temperatures, making it suitable for specific parts of the UK, particularly in milder coastal areas.
Known for its majestic presence and slow growth, this palm species can be a remarkable centrepiece in UK gardens, offering a touch of grandeur and sophistication.
Top Tips for Hardy Palms
Choosing the right location is paramount. A spot that receives some winter sunshine will help, even in very cold periods. With the exception of Trachycarpus, most hardy palms need the sunniest possible spot for healthy growth. Winter sun can help thaw out frozen plant tissue between cold nights.
Most palms acquire hardiness with age. Young palms will need protecting, especially in areas which experience frost every winter. Once a young palm begins to form a trunk, it is much hardier to cold as the growing point is well protected by layers of plant tissue. Horticultural fleece jackets are the best (and easiest) way to protect young palms from frost.
Be sure to water and feed your plants well during the growing season (April-September) to give them the best chance of establishing and putting on strong growth. Don’t feed after October as this will encourage weak growth which won’t have time to harden-off before winter, making it much more susceptible to cold damage.
Palm Perfection 101: How to look after your garden palm trees
Most palms need tropical or subtropical temperatures, but there are some suitable for planting outdoors in the British Isles.
Hardy palms are invaluable as structural plants in tropical-style gardens and look effective when planted with bananas, bamboos and New Zealand flax.
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